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W o r c e s t e r 3 0 0 : C i t y o f I n n o v a t o r s 17 1722-1821 Here are the main materials our writers used as sources for the 1722-1821 articles • "From Raccoon Plain to Pakachoag Hill: A History of South Worcester, Massachusetts, highlighting the growth and dispersal of an English Enclave" by David K. Jones and David M. Mickelson • "History of Worcester, Massachusetts, from its Earliest Settlement to September, 1836" by William Lincoln • "A History of Worcester, 1674 - 1848" by Kenneth J. Moynihan • "Hidden History of Worcester" by David Kovaleski • "A History of Worcester and its People" by Charles Nutt • "e First American Revolution: Before Lexington and Concord" by Ray Raphael C ard clothing One had the mill, the other had the innovation to make it work. Pliny Earle (1762-1832) of Leicester helped the prospects of Samuel Slater's first America-based textile mill, in Pawtucket, by furnishing the card clothing for Slater Mill, which he invented around 1790. Slater, an emigrant from England, had had the technical knowledge to build and operate a mill, but the British government forbade him to export technology for the needed machinery. Earle initially made the clothing belts of leather pierced by wire, by hand, pricking leather with holes and inserting wire teeth to help feed the carding machines that prepared fibers for weaving. He subsequently developed a machine for pricking twilled cards, by which 15 hours of manual labor could be performed in 15 minutes. is machine was in general use for years, until the machine that both pricks Key innovations in first century Worcester Pliny Earle Courtesy of the Forbes Library, Northampton, Massachusetts the leather and sets the teeth superseded it. Cutting-edge shearing A fabric shearing machine that could be delivered by wagon where needed, powered by hand or water-power once it got there. What's not to like? William Hovey, first known as a manufacturer of plows, claimed his Ontario Machine would speed up cutting cloth tenfold. It was portable via one-horse wagon and could be hand- or water-powered. In 1812, he designed another machine that worked on the same principle as the hand- shears, but which could shear 200 yards of broadcloth daily. In 1828, he announced his intention to discontinue satinet shearing machines but would continue to make other applications of shearing machines as well as grinding machines to keep the shearing machines in order. Hovey's more conventional shearing machine was adopted and improved upon by other makers over time, and Hovey would go on to manufacture various machinery, including a strawcutter, for which he would subsequently receive a patent in 1845. — Christina P. O'Neill Founded in 1782 by Daniel Waldo, a hardware store on Main Street would be renamed aer Elwood Adams and operate until 2017.